Apa Dam Irrigation Canal Rehabilitation

The Çumra Irrigation System in the Konya Plain, with a net irrigated area of 59,560 hectares, was largely constructed as an earth canal by the Ottoman Empire between 1907 and 1913 and commissioned on 31 December 1913. Due to the inherent nature of these canals, water loss and leakage rates have been quite high, and in addition, because of the geological structure of the land, sinkholes and collapses (known as obruk and düden) have increasingly caused additional water losses over the years.